Browse our list of FAQs or click on one of the categories below to go directly to your question:
Gynecologic Health and Wellness
Gynecologic Health and Wellness
What’s a Pap test?
The Pap test collects cells from your cervix. After collection, Dr. Cova prepares these cells for analysis. It can detect precancerous or abnormal cells and benign conditions such as infection and inflammation.
Is this different from a pelvic exam?
Yes. In a pelvic exam, Dr. Cova palpates your uterus, vagina, ovaries, fallopian tubes, bladder, and rectum. This is to rule out any abnormality in shape or size.
Is it OK to skip my Pap and pelvic exams?
A Pap test and pelvic exam are important parts of your routine health care. Early detection enables Dr. Cova to treat precancerous conditions successfully.
How often should I have a Pap test?
Because you are unique, your circumstances could deviate from the norm. You should discuss your treatment plan with Dr. Cova to learn how often you should be tested.
I have really painful periods. Would I benefit from a hysterectomy?
Hysterectomy is not always the best option for heavy periods or fibroids. Dr. Cova can discuss different treatment plans with you. Hormone therapy or endometrial ablation for example, may provide relief.
What are the current recommendations for cancer screenings?
Please see our free 
Guide for Early Cancer Detection and Prevention.
Obstetrics
I just found out I am pregnant. How often should I plan on being seen?
After the initial visit, we recommend you return every 4 weeks up to 28 weeks. You should return every 2 to 3 weeks from weeks 28 to 35. And every week from the 36th week until delivery.
Will I need any tests during my pregnancy?
We recommend an array of tests for the health of you and your baby. These include: ultrasound, amniocentesis, biophysical profiles, multiple marker screenings, and chorionic villus sampling.
How much Folic Acid should I take while I’m pregnant?
Every woman in her childbearing years needs at least 400 mcg of folic acid every day preferably through a multivitamin or by consuming fortified breakfast cereal and enriched grain products.
My husband and I have three kids now. I’m interested in getting the Novasure procedure to lighten my menstrual flow. Do I need to worry about getting pregnant after this procedure?
There is a slight risk of pregnancy after this procedure. Contraception is recommended after Novasure to avoid complications linked to tubal or high-risk pregnancies. If you have completed your family, you may also wish to pursue permanent contraception, such as Essure.
If I decide I want to have kids later, can I reverse the Novasure procedure?
This procedure cannot be reversed. Dr. Cova recommends Novasure only if you are finished having, or do not wish to have, children.
What’s the difference between Essure and Novasure?
Essure is a permanent birth control procedure that creates a natural barrier against pregnancy. You will still menstruate after this procedure. Essure is ideal if you are finished having a family and have regular periods. Novasure is a form of endometrial ablation. It can eliminate or substantially lighten your menstrual periods if you suffer from heavy or painful cycles. It is not a contraceptive.
Isn’t it better to have the procedure done at the hospital?
It is entirely your preference. Most enjoy the convenience (less wait time, familiar setting) and reduced cost of in-office procedures.
How does Essure work?
The Essure procedure involves placing a soft, flexible insert into each fallopian tube. The inserts do not conatin or release hormones, and are made of materials that have been used in medical devices for many years.
Other benefits of the Essure procedure include:
- Essure is the most effective form of permanent birth control available.
- Recovery time is short; most women return to normal activities in less than a day.
- It’s covered by most insurance providers, so many women pay only a co-pay.
- The Essure confirmation Test verifies both that the inserts are in place and that the fallopian tubes are completely blocked,
- Essure frees you to stop worrying about unplanned pregnancy for good.
Menopause
Do you have signs of hormone imbalance?
Use the helpful online assessment tolls by linking directly to the 
and download the female checklist. You can take this with you and review with Dr. Cova.
What are bio-identical hormones?
Bio-identical hormones are derived from natural plant compounds (soy and yams) and are synthesized to duplicate the exact structure and function of hormones produced naturally within the body.
Are bio-identical hormones as effective as synthetic hormones?
Bio-identical hormones are as effective as synthetic hormones. The results are often better and result in less side effects. When we replace our body’s hormones, it is best to use naturally derived ones.
Will my insurance company cover bio-identical hormone therapy?
These compounds cannot be processed at a regular pharmacy. However, most insurance companies will reimburse a percentage of your cost. Check your benefits summary to see if you are covered.
What are common causes of postmenopausal bleeding?
Some common causes of postmenopausal bleeding include:
- Polyps are usually non-cancerous, but these growths can develop in the uterus, on the cervix or inside the cervical canal.
- Endometrial hyperplasia: Sometimes the lining of the uterus becomes thick, usually due to too much estrogen and too little progesterone. Some patients may have abnormal cells that can lead to endometrial cancer.
- Cancer: Bleeding after menopause can be a sign of endometrial or uterine cancer.
Urinary Incontinence
How does the MiniArc sling work?
The MiniArc sling cradles your urethra to give it more support and prevent accidental leakage of urine.
What can I expect after the sling is in place?
This procedure is done as an outpatient and in most cases patients return home 2-3 hours after the procedure. You should have little or no pain after the procedure. If needed, we can prescribe pain medication. You can to return to your normal activities within 1 to 2 weeks.
Will I get immediate results from the MiniArc sling?
In most cases, yes. If your case is unique, Dr. Cova will let you know what is reasonable to expect.
Pelvic Organ Prolapse
What is pelvic organ prolapse?
Prolapse occurs when your pelvic floor muscles and ligaments become weak or damaged. Common causes include childbirth, pelvic surgery, obesity, age, ethnicity, and genetics.
Can prolapse be treated?
Pelvic Prolapse can be successfully treated with a variety of surgical techniques some which may require a particular type of mesh. The Elevate prolapse system is an example of this. Please see this under Surgical Services section. Dr. Cova will examine you and determine the best surgical plan for you.
How soon after the Elevate procedure will I notice results?
Most experience immediate results. Others notice results after a few weeks. Because we are all unique, Dr. Cova will discuss what you can expect after the procedure.
Cosmetic Procedures
What are the benefits of receiving cosmetic procedures in a physician’s office?
Dr. Cova is trained in an array of cosmetic procedures. It is always best to receive these procedures from someone skilled in delivering them. This minimizes the risk of side effects. It is equally important to discuss your medical condition and any medications you are taking with your doctor. This will ensure you are a good candidate for these procedures.
Is Botox painful?
Discomfort is usually minimal. Dr. Cova can numb the area with a cold pack or anesthetic cream prior to injection.
How long does a Botox or Dysport procedure take?
Ten minutes is the average length of these treatments. You should be able to return to work immediately.
There are so many dermal fillers out there. Which one is best for me?
Some fillers stimulate collagen production, such as Radiesse. Others last up to a year and have a smoother consistency, such as Juvéderm. They all work to return volume and reduce wrinkles and folds in mature skin.
Can I get Botox and Juvéderm in the same treatment?
Yes. In fact, when both are performed at the same time, you often receive better results.
Are cosmetic injections safer than plastic surgery?
They are a gentler alternative to plastic surgery. The results are temporary and not as dramatic as a face or brow lift. Cosmetic injections work best if you are between the ages of 30 and 60.
Where can I find a Women’s Health Calendar?
